How Does Diversity Make Us More Creative Essay - 959 Words

Purpose: My purpose is to share my research on diversity and how it makes an individual more creative with my intended audience. I am researching to find three authors that have three different perspectives and answers to the question, â€Å"How does diversity make us more creative?† Intended audience: My instructor is one member of my audience, which is part of the academic audience. My audience also includes employers, politicians, organizations, educators and my peers. How does diversity make us more creative? Most people want to know precisely how diversity can improve an individual’s intelligence and productivity. There are various ideas and explanations when it comes to explaining how diversity affects an individual. It is significant to understand the positives of working with a diverse group. Authors state their opinions on the subject of exploring diversity and the overall effect it has on a particular individual. Although there are authors that agree with the fact that diversity increases creativity, the authors use a variety of methods to support their results. More opportunities are available to a person as he or she works with a diverse group. An individual is more willing to listen to intriguing and intelligent ideas when working with a diverse group. Three authors use distinctive approaches to support the theory that diversity increases creativity by way of enhanced ideas. Particularly, â€Å"How Diversity Makes Us Smarter†, written by Katherine W. Phillips, explainsShow MoreRelatedRepresentation Of The Hollywood Television Industry1505 Words   |  7 PagesRepresentation Matters: Diversity in the Hollywood Television Industry A recent study done by the UCLA Bunche Center for African American Studies showed the lack of diversity within Hollywood by examining all the films released, television programs on broadcast, cable, or digital networks, as well as the actors, writers, directors, and producers within the industry. Ethnic minorities make up about 40% of the American population but still remain underrepresented in all forms of entertainment. TheRead MoreDavid Brookss People Like Us1695 Words   |  7 Pagescommunicates the dilemma of diversification in his expository essay â€Å"People Like Us†. Brooks thinks that people should encourage the diverse community to perceive and esteem each other s different reflection in America. 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Effects On Ocean And Coastal Environments Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(178) " waies depending on how deep you look in the ocean, but the chief beginning that drives all ocean circulations is the energy from the Sun \( air current and ocean denseness \) \." Climate alteration is impacting the planet including coastal and ocean environments in a figure of ways. The impacts are non merely related to increasing temperatures but besides due to for illustration lessening in PH, sea degree rise and altered forms of and strength of air currents and storms.These phenomena have impacts on the ecosystem and a figure of economic activities including the maritime industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects On Ocean And Coastal Environments Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Oceans cover about 72 % of the Earth surface and provides a great and varied life infinite for countless species and Acts of the Apostless as the driving force over clime and conditions stages, specially on heat and fresh water. In add-on, these mass of H2O offer a profitable resourse for people through fishing activities, development of minerals, transportation, defence and leisure activities. ( Field et al, 2009 ) .Coastal zones form the outer boundary of the coastal sphere. Almost 60 % of people of universe population lives here taking advantage of its natural resourses. ( Field et al, 2009 ) . Due to over population of these countries, such ecosystems are now in danger and demand to be protected for future coevalss. Maritime conveyance carries over 80 % of universe trade by volume and surely it is non isolated from clime alterations ; the type, scope and magnitude of impacts vary harmonizing to local conditions, transit systems, designs and policies, every bit good as the cap acity to accommodate and minimise the costs. ( UNCTAD, 2009 ) Climate alteration is doing great concern in publicA?s heads, going one of the most warmest issues in the docket of governmental establishments, international and environmental organisations around the Earth. Then, it is necessary that certain preventative and disciplinary steps must be taken in order to get by with the damaging effects of clime alteration so as to guarantee that natural resoursess will be so for future coevalss. A civilization of free pollution, preservation of natural resourses must be develop around the planet and among young person. Therefore, this paper will depict the impacts of clime alteration on the planet concentrating on coastal and oceans countries. Its basic physical, chemical and biological phenomena and eventually will discourse the challenges and chances for the maritime industry. The function of oceans in the clime procedure This immense mass of H2O dramas an indispensable function in the clime procedure. They non merely influence clime but besides are linked to the ambiance by: Heat storage Transportation system of heat around the planet Vaporization Freezing and thowing in polar parts Gas storage and exchange Due to these functions, it can be notice that they are indispensable and it is necessary to take attention of them decently for the well-being of future coevalss. However, the world on behalf prosperity have been presenting new engineerings which have resulted in damaging effects for the planet. The most worring topic is the heating of the planetary ambiance. This takes topographic point when several gases are trapped in the ambiance and barricade the flower stalk of the earthA?s radiation to infinite. ( Edgerton, 1991 ) . Despite the fact that this action is a natural phenomenon, the invariably human actions increases the effects of clime alteration. Climate alteration and its effects on the ocean Oceans are in continual equilibrium with regard the degrees of CO2 and heat with the ambiance. Any fluctuation in regard of the measure of each of them in the ambiance will inevitable lead to alterations in the oceans as good. Therefore, the increase of these two factors makes the physical and chemical belongingss of oceans to change. There are five effects of clime alteration on the ocean which will be described in the undermentioned paragraphs, effects such as heater oceans, thaw of the poles, lifting sea degrees, alterations to the oceanA?s current systems and ocean acidification. Ocean acidification is one of the effects derived from clime alteration. Consecuently as oceans have dissolved inorganic C in three different signifiers: Bicarbonate, carbonate and C dioxide when oceans absorb CO2 from the ambiance in immense or inordinate sums due to the human action, the degree of CO2 in H2O additions doing H2O more acidic. ( Union of Concerned scientists, 2011 ) . This growing of CO2 reduces the sum of carbonate ions in H2O. Therefore, prevents coral reefs and shelled marine animate beings like plankton who need carbonate ions, to organize calcium hydroxide that composes their skeletons and shells. These alterations endangers the marine chemical science in add-on, acidification can besides impact ocean natural philosophies by cut downing the capableness of sound soaking up and leting sound to go much further. Both vegetations and zoologies are in danger due to acerb H2O, tropical reef edifice corals, cold H2O corals, molluscs and lobsters. As mentioned before oceans has the ability to storage heat. Then, climate alteration may do oceans to storage randomly heat and consequence in heater oceans, which make H2O expands and do ocean surface rise. In add-on, the thaw of inland glaciers, Continental ice sheets and polar ice besides contribute to sea degree rise which have sound effects on conditions conditions by increasing the frecuency of implosion therapies and storms. Detriment of sea ice consequences in the loss of natural home ground of several species like seals, seahorses, polar bear, penguins and besides affects the antartic home ground of the antartic krill which composes the bottom portion of the nutrient web. Furthermore, the warming oceans reinforce utmost conditions phenomenas such as hurricanes and typhoons flooring Marine ecosystems and people around the universe that depend on them to last. Phenomenas like coral bleaching, migration of species, alterations in behavior and in development of certain species a nd its sexual adulthood are atempting to the normal operation of marine ecosystems. Ocean major current systems may see alterations every bit good. These currents are driven by the interactions among different H2O multitudes and between these multitudes and the ambiance. ( Talley et al, 2009 ) . Ocean circulations are really complex and can go in different waies depending on how deep you look in the ocean, but the chief beginning that drives all ocean circulations is the energy from the Sun ( air current and ocean denseness ) . You read "Effects On Ocean And Coastal Environments Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Temperature and salt are the chief features of pelagic H2O, alterations in salt concentration at the ocean surface affect the weight of surface Waterss. Fresh H2O is light and floats on the surface, while salty H2O is heavy and sinks. Both, salt and temperature determine saltwater denseness and opposition, driving the extent of ocean stratification, commixture, and H2O mass formation. Then harmonizing to Manabe and Stouffer 1993 ; Stocker and Schmittner 1997. As the ambiance warms, alterations in the Polar Regions cause surface Waterss to go heater and freshman. Such a alteration could hold important impacts on regional clime systems, including new current, air current, and precipitation forms ; increased ocean stratification ( and the associated hinderances to perpendicular H2O motion ) ; and changes to upwelling and downwelling. There are oceansA?ecosystems which can be extremely affected by clime alteration. A good illustration is the marine nutrient web composed chiefly by plankton, seals, giants, sharks, tunas and worlds. Foods travel through oceans from bugs to giants ground for why alterations in any portion of the nutrient web can do dropping effects that modify full Marine ecosystems. Besides decresed upwelling because of warmer multitudes of H2O agencies that fewer foods from lower in the H2O column will do it to the surface. Warming temperatures cause migration of Marine species, due to the rise in temperature in tropic countries some species are obliged to travel towards the poles. In add-on, these species may stand for a hazard for new ecosystems since they become invasive species. Harmonizing to old paragraphs, Climate alteration is the consequence of human intercession and causes several effects on the ocean which can impact its physical and chemical features every bit good as the marine ecosystem. Some of these effects are irreversible and can take ages to reconstruct them ; moreover, the purpose of international organisations every bit good as governmental 1s is to seek and happen the best manner to continue natural resources for future coevalss. Climate alteration and its effects in coastal countries Coastal countries are non the exclusion of the effects of sea degree rise, in fact deltas, barrier islands, Rhizophora mangles, wetlands and stuaries every bit good as coral reefs will be affected. Some of these are natural protections against terrible storms forestalling amendss to the coastal ecosystems and homo made installations. Coral reefs back up several species and supply shelter and nutrient to all of them, doing a extremely rich Marine ecosystem. Peoples besides take advantage of its fishing and touristry, besides, coral constructions serve as a natural barriers from unsafe ocean storms. Additions in planetary sea surface temperature imply that coral reef thermic thresholds will be exceeded more often and this is projected to ensue in more frequent and more intense coral bleaching events and subsequent widespread mortality. ( Herr and Galland, 2009 ) Climate alteration and hence anthropogenetic nursery emanations affect coral reefs by doing seawater chemical science alterations, temperature addition, and low-lying rise. Besides, opprobrious fishing, pollution and invasive species increases the hazard of danger. Lower ocean PH and changed carbonate chemical science would diminish the calcification necessary for constructing coral reef stuff. ( Kennedy, et Al. 2002 ) . Higher temperatures produces coral bleaching and even mortality. And in those coral reefs near coastal countries the sea degree rise may increase coastal eroding so corrupting H2O quality and forestalling light incursion which means that it will be more hard for algaes to bring forth photosynthesis. If coral reefs disapears it will make besides the biodiversity, piscaries and recreational activities will be surely be affected. Harmonizing to Kennedy, et Al. ( 2002 ) In salt fen and mangrove home grounds, low-lying rise may submerse wetlands, waterlog dirts, and cause works decease from salt emphasis. Most wetland home grounds can last low-lying rise by migrating inland to countries of diminishing tidal flood along undeveloped ( by worlds ) shores with comparatively soft inclines. Wetland fens are of import subscribers to the biological productiveness of coastal systems and map as baby’s rooms and as safeties from marauders for commercially of import shellfish and fish and for birds like some tracks, chumps, and terns. Rising sea degrees will ab initio increase entree to marsh surfaces by fish and invertebrates, possibly increasing their production in the short term ( e.g. , Gulf of Mexico runt crops ) . Estuaries are semi-enclosed multitudes of H2O in which fresh water and saltwater mix if alterations happens in fresh water tey will ensue in fluctuations in the estuary ‘s salt, accordingly those beings who permantely live at that place have to accommodate themselves to such variableness. In add-on, these multitudes of H2O symbolize great chances for activities such as fishing. Worlds activities contributes to the bulnerability of islands which even a little rise in sea degree can do those barrier islands move toward the mainland through a procedure of beach eroding on their seaward border, overwash of deposit across the island during storms, and deposition of the scoured deposit in the quieter Waterss of the inland bay. The rate of this natural migration depends mostly on the rate of low-lying rise, and besides on the frequence and badness of storms and hurricanes. ( Kennedy, et Al. 2002 ) . Climate alteration, challenges and chances for the maritime industry To get down with, the term maritime industry involves non merely the shiping of certain lading to an specific port, in fact it includes a broad scope of activities for illustration designing of ships, building, runing age-related macular degeneration mantaining of ships, services such as stevedoring every bit good as transportation and cargo forwarding services. Then, in the epoch of clime alteration public concern about GHG emmissions released by transporting industry is deriving more and more attending and requires nautical industry and international organisations to take action. Presently, planetary action about stabilising GHG emanations at manageable degrees implies a great challenge and calls for new engineering, energy efficiency and finance to be revised and invested. International cooperation among scientists and applied scientists, international organizarions and policymakers are needed in order to lucubrate equal ordinances. At present, nautical industry is confronting two chief challenges sing Climate Change: to cut down its part to planetary heating to accommodate to the impacts of clime alteration The manner maritime industry contributes with planetary heating is through transporting industry which carries more than 80 % of planetary trade. Maritime conveyance is responsible for 3,3 % of planetary CO2 emanations from fuel ingestion. ( IMO, 2009 ) . Due to its profitableness and efficiency ships tend to be constructed in big measures and bigger than of all time earlier. What in simple words means that the part to planetary warming done by GHG emanations from ships will increase excessively. The decrease of GHG emanations from ships represents a challenge for the industry, because transportation is already, by far the most carbon-efficiency manner of commercial conveyance particularly when compares to aviation, but besides when compares to trains and trucks ( IMO, 2009 ) The chief challenge here is to cut GHG emanations from international transportation without sabotaging development aims, and without endangering conveyance efficiency and trade facilitation additions ( UNCTAD, 2009 ) . The maritime conveyance have to face besides the impacts of Climate Change such as lifting sea degree, utmost conditions and lifting temperatures. The industry is increasing at higher degrees than of all time before and if things continue without a regulative legal model, likely we will be confronting an increase of 150 % – 250 % in the GHG from transporting around 2050 ( IMO, 2009 ) . In order to pollute less ships have to decelerate down the velocity, since high velocity requires more ingestion of sand trap fuel. The fuel used in transporting comes from crude oil which is extremely pollutant for the environment. However, as transporting represents one of the major manners of conveyance of the Earth and carries about 90 % of universe trade, the thought of slow down the velocity will ensue in less diligence of the shipper in presenting the lading, what will likely ensue in a loss of possible clients. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) trades with climate alteration issues but does non turn to GHG emanations from international transportation. For this ground, the International Maritime Organization ( IMO ) was encouraged to make so. Then in order to get by with this affair the IMO has developed some steps, the cutting-edge is the IMO Resolution MEPC 203 ( 62 ) adopted on 15th July 2011. This Resolution adds a new chapter at the terminal of Annex VI of MARPOL that leads with â€Å" Regulations for Energy Efficiency for Ships † which establishes that an â€Å" Energy Efficiency Design Index ( EEDI ) † will be compulsory for all new ships, every bit good as a â€Å" Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan ( SEEMP ) † will be compulsory for all ships as a portion of the â€Å" Ship Safety Management System ( SMS ) † . Harmonizing to the UNFCCC convention ( 2009 ) : aˆÂ ¦ topographic points a heavier load on developed states to cut down GHG emanations under the rule of â€Å" common but differentiated duties † . While developing states are non bound by any specified emanation decrease marks, by 2000 developed states had to cut down their GHG emanations to 1990 degrees. They are besides required to advance and ease the transportation of climate-friendly engineerings to developing states and to states with economic systems in passage. In simple words, developed states should assist developing states in cut downing GHG emanations by supplying them with all the engineering necessary to avoid pollution. The international community have proposed new thoughts and possible steps to cut down GHG emanations, for illustration â€Å" Global emanation trading strategy † and the â€Å" Global levy on international maritime fuel † ( IMO, 2012 ) . The former one, implies the buying of allowances which shippers will hold to subject harmonizing to the GHG that they create. Hence, shippers will hold the pick of either to cut down their emanations or buy their decreases from other sectors. The latter one, implies that when ship operators buy the fuel, some revenue enhancement will be added to its monetary value, that revenue enhancement will be used for investing in new friendly- engineerings. The challenge of cut down or cut GHG emanations from ships have lead to new engineerings to be considered as the posible solution to the issue of Climate alteration, which means that in order to integrate that new engineering into ships it will necessitate more investing in the portion of shipowners in order to follow with the new international steps. New ships with advanced engineering, wholly environmentaly friendly will be a great chance for the transportation industry. Other possible solution from the proficient point of position and a great challenge besides, is cut down fossil fuels ingestion and increase efficiency. And from the operational point of position, betterments in the velocity direction and the efficient of the ships through a better planning of the ocean trip classs. Decisions Climate alteration affects coastal and ocean environments in many different ways. But non merely these are the 1s affected, besides the maritime industry is reached by the effects of clime alteration. Global clime alteration is predicted to impact air and H2O temperatures, low-lying rise, precipitation, air current forms, and the frequence and strength of storms. Changes in temperature can act upon reproduction, growing and can do some species to migrate to other ecosystems. In coastal countries, fens and Rhizophora mangles are of import subscribers to the biological productiveness of coastal systems are bulnerable to sea degree rise. Coral reefs are at peculiar hazard from planetary clime alteration since alterations in carbonate chemical science could decrease the copiousness of microscopic open-ocean workss and animate beings that build Ca carbonate constructions. The maritime industry has to confront two challenges in this epoch, to cut down its part to planetary heating and to accommodate to the impacts of clime alteration. The possibilities are to cut down fuel ingestion without losing efficiency and adopting and bettering new ways of planning ocean trips. However, both nautical industry and international organisations have to collaborate and work together to carry through the same end, which is no less than protect the environment and cut down in this instance GHG emanations. How to cite Effects On Ocean And Coastal Environments Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Existentialism (1344 words) Essay Example For Students

Existentialism (1344 words) Essay ExistentialismExistentialism is a philosophical movement that developed during the 19th and 20th centuries. One of the first things one may notice about existentialism is the confusion and disagreement of what it actually is. This is because those who developed it have conflicting ideas. Walter Kaufmann, one of the leading existential scholars says, Certainly, existentialism is not a school of thought nor reducible to any set of tenets. The three writers who appear invariably on every list of existentialists, Heidegger, and Sartre are not in agreement on essentials. By the time we consider adding Rilke, Kafka, and Camus, it becomes plain that one essential feature shared by all these men is their perfervid individualism. Therefore, a precise definition is impossible; however, it suggests one major theme: a stress on individual existence and the subsequent development of personal essence. Man is the only known being, according to existentialists, that defines itself merely through th e act of living. In other words, first you exist, and then the individual emerges as life decisions are made. Freedom of choice, through which each human being creates their own nature, is one of the basic themes. Because individuals are free to choose their own path, existentialists have argued that they must accept the risk and responsibility of their actions. 2Every person spends a lifetime changing his or her essence. Without life there can be no meaning; the search for meaning in existentialism is the search for self. In other words, we define ourselves by living; killing yourself would indicate you have chosen to have no meaning. Existentialists believe in living in fact fighting for life. Camus, Sartre, and Nietzsche were involved in various wars because they had a strong belief in fighting for the survival of their respective countries. In order to understand the current meaning of existentialism, one must first understand that the American view of existentialism was derived from the writings of political activists, not intellectual purists. Americans learned the term existential after World War II. The term is credited to Jean-Paul Sartre to describe his own philosophies, but it was actually coined by Kierkegaard when he described his existential dialectic. It was not until the late 1950s that the term was applied broadly to several divergent schools of thought. Existentialism maintains that life is a series of choices, creating stress. Few decisions are without any negative consequences. Some things are irrational or absurd, without explanation. If one makes a decision, he or she must follow through. Beyond this short list of concepts, the label existentialist is applied broadly. Even these concepts are not universal within existentialist writings, or at least the writings of people labeled as such. Blaise Pascal, for example, spent the last years of his life writing in support of predetermination, the theory that is better known as fate. 3First, there is the basic existentialist standpoint, that existence precedes essence. Man is a conscious subject, rather than a thing to be predicted or manipulated; he exists as a conscious being, and not in accordance with any definition, essence, generalization, or system. Existentialism says I am nothing but my own conscious existence. A second existentialist theme is that of anxiety, or the sense of anguish, a generalized uneasiness, and a fear or dread that is not directed to any specific object. Anguish is the dread of the emptiness of human existence. This theme is as old as Kierkegaard is within existentialism; it is the claim that anguish is the underlying, all-pervasive, universal condition of human existence. Existentialism agrees with certain ideas in Judaism and Christianity, which see human existence as fallen from grace, and humans have lived in suffering, guilt, and anxiety. This dark and depressing view of human life leads existentialists to reject ideas such as happiness, enlightenment optimism, a sense of well-being, since these can only reflect a superficial understanding of life, or a naive and foolish way of denying the despairing, tragic aspect of human existence. .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 , .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 .postImageUrl , .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 , .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454:hover , .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454:visited , .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454:active { border:0!important; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454:active , .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454 .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u12b58e34cbc04cf0951e00ae9e4b7454:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World out of fear of EssayA third existentialist theme is that of absurdity. An existentialist would say I am my own existence, but this existence is absurd. To exist as a human being is inexplicable, and absurd. Each of us is simply here, thrown into this time and placebut why now? Why here? Kierkegaard asked. For no reason, without necessary connection, my life is an absurd fact. 4It is common for people to associate a lack of faith or secular beliefs with existential thought. Existentialism has little to do with faith or the lack thereof. Religion is merely another choice you make in weaving your essence. Existentialism is not a singular school of thought, devoid of any and all forms of faith. It may surprise laypersons that many of the existentialists were religious. Pascal and Kierkegaard were dedicated Christians. Pascal spent the end of his life in a monastery. Kierkegaard was a passionate Protestant, and supporter of Luthers teachings. Despite his famous (infamous?) God is dead quote, Nietzsche also appears to have been a believer in a Creator, though he branded organized religion as a manipulative tool to control the masses. He often insulted the Church merely to cause a stir. Some, notably Walter Kaufmann, call Nietzsche the anti-Christian existentialist, because he believed the organized Christian churches were the most destructive influences of his time. For clarification, Nietzsche did write that the Creator had no influence on humanity, which indicates a deistic view of creation. Nietzsche did not worry about the afterlife. Dostoevsky was Russian-Orthodox, to the point of being fanatical, though evidence shows that he did not live by these morals (he was a bad b oy, if you will). Kafka was Jewish, so he cannot be considered secular, either. His family was not as religious as Kafka himself might have liked, but when you take into consideration that his family died in concentration camps, it is obvious why his father might not have been very public with his faith. Hegel, the German idealist from whose theories many existentialists drew5from, (despite their vehement denials of his work) was very religious. He wrote that all authority must be derived from the divine right. Hegels system of ethics was based on the existence of a supreme creator and this creators will. We are then left with Camus and Sartre, and of these two, only Sartre can be seen to consistently deny any and all belief in a divine creator. Sartre was raised with religion, but World War II and the constant suffering of the world drove him away from faith. Many existentialists believe the greatest victory of the individual is to realize the absurdity of life and to accept it. In short, you live a miserable life, for which you may or may not be rewarded by a greater force. If this force exists, why do men suffer? If it does not exist, why not commit suicide and shorten your suffering? These questions indicate the confusion of existentialism. Personally, I agree with many of the basic tenets of existentialism. Personal accountability for the decisions and actions made seems to be something that is fading from public opinion. Excuses seem to be replacing responsibility. Existentialism is liberating for those of us who do not rely on fate, God, or chance to guide us through the path of life. One aspect that is questionable is our ability to continuously reinvent ourselves through our actions. While this is wholly possible, the vast majority of people stick to old ways of doing things, or follow others blindly. Despite encompassing a staggering range of philosophical, religious, and political ideologies, the underlying concepts of existentialism are simple. Mankind has free will. Life is a series of choices, creating stress. Few decisions are without any negative6consequences. Some things are irrational or absurd, without explanation. If one makes a decision, he or she must follow through. The decisions you make are whom you are, so decide accordingly. .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a , .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a .postImageUrl , .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a , .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a:hover , .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a:visited , .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a:active { border:0!important; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a:active , .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u831dd39ae57eac9e35ecae632234fb8a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sexual Harassment in the Workplace EssayBibliographyWorks CitedGrene, Marjorie. Introduction To Existentialism. Chicago: The University of Chicago,1959. Sanborn, Patricia F. Existentialism. New York: Pegasus, 1968. Solomon, Robert C. Introducing the Existentialists. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing,1981.